Bauhaus Movement:
The Bauhaus was a school where students received theoretical and practical training in all of the fine arts -ceramics, murals, stained glass, typography, metalwork, book binding, stone sculpture and furniture-making – and learned to combine these fine art skills with new technologies to design and manufacture products that were both beautiful and practical. It was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919 by architect, Walter Gropius with the aim of bridging the gap between art, design and industry and unifying all three.
Art and industrial designs mix in these examples above.
De Stijl Movement:
Also known as neoplasticism, is a Dutch artist movement founded in the Netherlands in 1917. It is a Dutch word for “The Style” and it promotes the use abstract, minimalistic geometric forms of only primary colours along with black and white.
The constant use of geometric forms and primary colours are evident in the designs in the examples above.
Swiss Movement:
Made famous by very talented Swiss designers though did not originate from Switzerland but from Russia, Germany and Netherlands in the 1920’s. With a keen attention to detail, precision, craft skills and a high standard of printing, this graphic design movement promotes the use of minimal elements of style such as typography and content layout rather than on textures and illustrations.
The Design examples above, the Swiss Style, can be defined as an authentic pursue for simplicity – the beauty in the underlines of a purpose, not beauty as a purpose in itself.